美国国家地理拍摄制作
英国牛津科学影业制作
[旁白]在这些山上漫游着我们星球上最稀有的物种之一 [Narrator] In these mountains roams one of the rarest species on our planet.
大熊猫是害羞、难以捉摸、温柔的动物 A shy, elusive, and gentle creature, the giant panda.
大熊猫曾经数量众多 Pandas once ranged in great numbers
在北京和喜马拉雅山之间 between Beijing and the Himalayas.
但是现在，经过几个世纪的人类扩张 But now, after centuries of human expansion
以及破坏它们的栖息地 and destruction of their habitat,
他们濒临灭绝 they are on the brink of extinction.
今天，只剩下不到1600只野生熊猫 Today, fewer than 1,600 wild pandas remain.
但不管怎样，中国人民已经开始了 But against all odds, the people of China have begun
人类历史上最伟大的努力保护工作之一 one of the greatest conservation efforts in human history.
他们的目标是增加圈养数量 Their aim, to increase the numbers in captivity,
并且更加雄心勃勃 and far more ambitiously,
想把熊猫送回野外 to return pandas back to the wild,
放归他们的天然家园 to their natural home.
熊 猫
旅 行 回 家
四川省雅安市 Ya 'an City in Sichuan province.
这里是熊猫饲养员刘娟的家 It's home to panda keeper Liu Juan,
她也叫梅里 also known as Merry.
梅里拥有很多人认为是理想的工作 Merry has what many might consider a dream job.
每天她都能抱着、训练 Every day she gets to hold, train,
和照顾世界上最可爱的动物之一 and care for one of the world's most beloved animals.
每天早上，梅里和她的同事们坐通勤车 Every morning, Merry and her colleagues commute
去往中国保护研究中心 to the China Conservation and Research Center
为了大熊猫 for the Giant Panda
在碧峰峡山公园内 in the Bifengxia Mountain Park.
这已成为中国大熊猫保护的重点活动中心 This has become the focal point of panda conservation in China.
它在2008年被推到聚光灯下 It was thrust into the spotlight when in 2008,
毁灭性的地震 a devastating earthquake
穿过190英里外的熊猫中心地带 ripped through the panda heartlands, 190 miles away.
这里的许多大熊猫都是从那场灾难中撤离的 Many of the pandas here are evacuees from that disaster.
负责人是张浩民主任 In charge is director Zhang Ho Min,
被亲切地称为熊猫爸爸 affectionately known as Papa Panda.
他奉献了他生命中的最后30年 He has dedicated the last 30 years of his life
把熊猫从灭绝中拯救出来 to saving the panda from extinction.
最终目的是放归大熊猫 The ultimate aim is to release pandas
回到野外 back into the wild.
张和他的团队首先要建立 Zhang and his team first have to build
圈养的一个大而有活力的繁殖群 a large and viable breeding group in captivity.
繁育大熊猫极为困难 Breeding pandas is extremely difficult.
[咕哝] [grunting]
尿检显示 Urine tests have shown
九岁秀秀的配对时候到了 that that time has arrived for nine-year-old Xhui-Xiu.
一个叫阳阳的年轻雄性熊猫 A young male called Yung Yung
被选为她最好的基因配对对象 has been chosen as her best genetic match.
让熊猫交流是至关重要的 It's vital to let pandas communicate
特别在交配之前 with each other prior to mating.
全靠嗅觉 It's all about smell.
雄性大熊猫通过在耳朵里摩擦气味来发出信号 Male pandas send signals by rubbing their scent into their ears.
它们就像灯塔一样 These act like beacons,
在山上的空气中传播信息 spreading messages on the mountain air.
秀秀敏锐的嗅觉 Xhui-Xiu's acute sense of smell
告诉她附近有一只雄性熊猫 tells her that there's a male nearby
是准备交配的 who's ready to mate.
[尖叫声] [squealing]
虽然阳阳很热心 Although Yung Yung is enthusiastic,
秀秀却不太情愿 Xhui-Xiu is not so sure.
但时间是宝贵的 But time is precious,
所以，路路，一个更有经验的雄性熊猫 so, Lu Lu, a far more experienced male,
现在介绍给秀秀 is now introduced to Xhui-Xiu.
张和他的团队耐心地等待着这一刻 Zhang and his team have waited patiently for this moment.
像人类一样，熊猫也会对自己的伴侣很挑剔 Like people, pandas can be particular about their mate.
今天，等待得到了回报 Today, the wait has paid off.
机会很大 The chances are good
秀秀将从交配中受孕 that Xhui-Xiu will conceive from the mating,
但是为了提高几率 but to improve the odds,
兽医小组还将人工给她授精 the veterinary team will also artificially inseminate her.
秀秀在手术中使用了镇静剂 Xhui-Xui is sedated for the procedure.
交配期已经四个月了 It's four months since the mating session
只有现在才有可能 and only now is it possible
去看看秀秀有没有怀孕 to discover whether Xhui-Xiu is pregnant.
程序和设备可能会使其惊恐 The procedures and equipment could be frightening,
但是饲养员对待熊猫 but the keepers treat the pandas
和蔼可亲 with kindness and gentle words.
在这个阶段，熊猫宝宝只有千分之一 At this stage, a baby panda would be just one-thousandth
它母亲的大小 the size of its mother.
超声波检测出一个看起来很小的胎儿 Ultrasound picks out what looks like a tiny fetus.
在接下来的几天里更多的扫描证实了团队的直觉 More scans over the following days confirm the team's hunch,
秀秀被调到产房 and Xhui-Xiu is moved to the maternity wing.
准熊猫妈妈每天24小时接受监控 The expectant mothers are monitored 24 hours a day.
很难预测熊猫什么时候出生 It's hard to predict when a panda is going to give birth.
它随时都可能发生 It can happen any time
怀孕后3至6个月 from three to six months after conception.
他们似乎喜欢八月最暖和的日子 They seem to favor the warmest days in August,
在野外，当竹子最丰盛的时候 which in the wild, is when the bamboo is at its richest.
秀秀不吃东西，明显不舒服 Xhui-Xiu is off her food and clearly uncomfortable.
(女人说中文:喂 杨哥 唉 那个宝儿啊现在...) (woman speaks Chinese)
梅里向张主任伸出援手 Merry reaches out to Director Zhang,
决定召集团队观察 who decides to call in the team to observe.
最后，小宝宝开始出现 Finally, the tiny baby begins to show.
这只幼崽只有三盎司重 The cub weighs just three ounces.
她妈妈是她体重的800倍 Her mother 800 times that much.
但小秀秀并不是唯一一个新来的 But Little Xhui-Xiu isn't the only new arrival.
她母亲生了一对双胞胎 Her mother gave birth to twins.
在野外，这并不罕见 In the wild, it's not uncommon
熊猫生双胞胎 for pandas to give birth to twins,
但母亲通常更喜欢两个孩子中的强者 but the mother generally favors the stronger of the two.
另一个很少存活 The other rarely survives.
但在熊猫中心 But here at the Panda Center,
每个新生儿都受到同等的照顾 every newborn is treated with equal care.
[吱吱声] [squeaking]
在孵化室 In the incubator room,
小秀秀这对双胞胎 Little Xhui-Xiu's twin
将受到全天候的监护 will be under round-the-clock supervision.
她保持体温 Her body temperature is kept
在恒定的104度 at a constant 104 degrees,
就像她还在她母亲的怀里 just' as it would be if she were still in her mother's arms.
现在存活率高达95% The survival rate is now an impressive 95 percent,
但并不总是这样 but it wasn't always so.
在早期，三分之二的孵化幼崽会死亡 In the early days, two-thirds of all incubated cubs died
特别是在前80天内 within the first 80 days.
张和他的团队非常想知道为什么 Zhang and his team were desperate to understand why.
妈妈有答案 Mother had the answers.
饲养员注意到每两小时 Keepers noticed that every two hours,
她会用舌头轻轻地按摩婴儿的胃 she would gently massage her baby's stomach with her tongue.
当他们模仿她的动作时 When they copied her actions,
他们取得了突破 they made a breakthrough.
轻轻拍拍肚子 Gently patting the stomach
帮助小熊猫大便 helps the tiny panda to poo
当它自己的肌肉不够强壮时 when its own muscles aren't strong enough.
这是一个关键的发现 It was a key discovery
帮助脆弱的幼崽生存下来 that helped the vulnerable cubs survive.
不过，以下这点很重要 Still, it was important
就是每个幼崽都要有时间和妈妈在一起 that each cub had time with its mother.
所以团队决定继续交换双胞胎 So the team decided to keep swapping the twins.
但你不能让熊猫交出它的宝宝 But you can't just ask a panda to hand over its baby.
这是非常危险的 This is highly dangerous.
母亲一拳就能杀死一个成年人 The mother is capable of killing a grown man with a single blow.
第一只幼崽被成功取出 The first cub is successfully removed.
[吱吱声] [squeaking]
它的孪生兄弟取而代之 And its twin takes its place,
妈妈领回来负责喂养 with mother back in charge.
饲养员将继续每两天交换一对双胞胎 The keepers will continue to swap the twins every two days
直到他们六个月大 until they are six months old.
小秀秀才四个星期大 Little Xhui-Xiu is only four weeks old
但她已经有了黑白相间的皮毛 but already she has her black and whites.
她仍看不见，并且很脆弱 She's still blind and vulnerable,
但是大自然赋予了她足够大的声音 but nature has equipped her with a voice loud enough
召唤她母亲穿过茂密的森林 to summon her mother through dense forest.
因为妈妈只吃竹子 Because mom eats only bamboo,
属于低营养的 which is low in nutrients,
她产不了多少奶 she can't produce much milk.
但她所产生的一点点 But what little she does produce
抗体却足以维持幼崽的健康 is full of antibodies to keep her cub healthy.
饲养员们要确保母亲的奶是平等分享的 The keepers make sure mother's milk is shared equally
在双胞胎之间，他们每三个小时就都需要喂奶 between the twins, who both need milk every three hours.
七个月时 At seven months,
她的表兄妹 her older cousins and siblings
每个重约40磅 each weigh around 40 pounds,
有锋利的牙齿和爪子 with sharp teeth and claws.
他们会留在这里 They will remain here
或以贵宾身份出国旅游 or travel overseas as VIPs.
他们一辈子都和人类很亲近 They have been close to humans their whole lives
在圈养中茁壮成长 and are thriving in captivity.
这些年幼熊猫将在接下来的12个月里 These youngsters will spend the next 12 months
在熊猫幼儿园一起玩耍 playing together in the panda kindergarten.
[说汉语:你把我当减肥的了 屁孩儿] [speaking Chinese]
梅里就像他们的姐姐 Merry is like their elder sister.
她知道每个小熊猫的个性 She knows the personality of each and every one.
就像人类一样，熊猫也会有很大的不同 Just like people, pandas can be very different.
有些是害羞和不爱与人交往的... Some are shy and retiring...
而其他的则胆大冒险 while others are bold and adventurous.
每一代新熊猫都在这里出生 Each new generation born here
这是值得庆祝的 is a cause for celebration.
但是对张来说，拯救熊猫免于灭绝 But for Zhang, saving the panda from extinction
只是个开始 is just the beginning.
张的大熊猫回归野外的梦想 Zhang's dream of restoring pandas to the wild
给他带来最大的挑战 presents him with the biggest challenge of all.
这些圈养大熊猫 These captive-bred pandas,
人类养育的 nurtured by humans,
没有天生的本能 are not equipped with the natural instincts needed
能在山里生存 to survive in the mountains.
张很清楚 It was clear to Zhang
为了让大熊猫成功回归大自然 that to successfully return pandas to the wild
需要一种不同的方法 would require a different approach.
他想出了一个新计划 He came up with a new program
卧龙熊猫基地 here at the Wolong Panda Base,
地球上最后的地方之一 one of the last places on Earth
在那里野生大熊猫仍然逍遥自在 where wild pandas still roam free.
它的总部几乎被摧毁了 Its headquarters were virtually destroyed
在2008年的地震中 in the earthquake of 2008.
虽然基本上被遗弃了 Though largely derelict,
一些围墙还保留着 some of the enclosures still remain.
梅里将和张一起工作 Merry will be working alongside Zhang.
但这不是她第一次来熊猫基地 But this isn't her first time at the panda base.
地震发生时她是这里的看守人 She was a keeper here when the earthquake struck,
这一次的回归让她想起了可怕的回忆 and this return brings back terrible memories.
中心上方的群山倾泻成吨的 The mountains above the center rained down tons
岩石和泥土 of rock and earth.
巨石横冲直撞 Boulders crashed into everything.
[隆隆声] [rumbling]
梅里回忆起跑到桥尾的情景 Merry recalls running to the end of the bridge
去营救来回跑动的熊猫 to rescue pandas as it swayed back and forth
从大地震的巨大威力中 from the sheer power of the massive quake.
尽管很糟糕，他们还没有放弃这个地方 Bad as it was, they haven't given up on this place.
地震前，他们在这里过着美好的生活 Before the quake, they shared a wonderful life here.
现在，对于梅里，张，还有整个团队 Now, for Merry, Zhang, and the team,
这是一个新的开始... this is a new beginning...
尝试新方法的机会 an opportunity to try new methods
为了让熊猫回归家园 in their quest to return pandas
去他们真正的野外家园 to their real home in the wild.
（卧龙大熊猫俱乐部）
对于这个项目 For this project,
基地的一部分已经恢复了生机 parts of the base have been brought back to life
这里有一个叫做“野性训练”的变革过程 and are home to a revolutionary process called "wild training."
现在，人类必须后退一步做足准备 Now, the humans must take a step back.
一只依赖人类的熊猫 A panda that's reliant on humans
在野外永远应付不了 will never be able to cope in the wild.
他们将度过生命的头两年 They will spend the first two years of their lives
在这两英亩的围栏里，和他们的母亲 here in this two-acre enclosure, with their mothers,
暴露在自然和自然环境中 exposed to nature and the elements.
是那些雌性动物 It's the females that are
从野外迁走的最少的几代人 the fewest generations removed from the wild
为任务所选择的 that are selected for the task.
他们有生存的本能 They have the natural instincts needed to survive.
他们的工作是把知识传授给年轻一代 Their job is to pass their knowledge on to their young.
熊猫每天吃80磅的竹子 Pandas eat up to 80 pounds of bamboo every day,
竹子生长在这些小围栏里 and the bamboo growing in these small enclosures
无法维持这种胃口 could never sustain that kind of appetite.
人类必须介入 Humans have to intervene,
所以他们想出了一个新方法 so they've come up with a novel approach.
光看这个部分是不够的 It's not enough to look the part.
他们也得闻闻那部分 They have to smell the part, too.
有熊猫便便的香味 Scented with panda poo and pee,
这些衣服有助于掩盖人类的气味 these outfits help to mask human odors.
今天，大家的焦点 Today, everyone's focus
是一个21个月大的叫淘淘的雄性熊猫 is on a 21-month-old male called Tao-Tao.
在圈地低洼处 In the lower enclosure,
他母亲教他基本的生存技能 his mother has taught him the basic survival skills.
淘淘是这个实验项目中的第一只熊猫 Tao-Tao is the first panda in this experimental project
将被选入下一个关键的野化训练阶段 to be selected for the crucial next stage of wild training,
发生在熊猫中心地带 which takes place deeper in the panda heartland.
但首先，看守人必须抓住他 But first, the keepers have to capture him.
他太年幼了，不可能对人类构成威胁 He's too young to be a threat to humans,
但他妈妈教得很好 but his mother's taught him well,
抓住他可不容易 and catching him isn't going to be easy.
新圈地之旅 The journey to the new enclosure
将淘淘带入同样的森林环境 will bring Tao-Tao up into the same forest environment
像他的野表亲一样 as his wild cousins.
这些山腰太陡，不能耕种或砍伐 These mountainsides are too steep to be farmed or logged,
所以他们安然无恙 so they have survived untouched--
是完美的熊猫栖息地 a perfect panda habitat.
直上山一英里 A mile straight up the mountain,
这些上层围墙离真正的荒野很近 these upper enclosures are as close to real wilderness
淘淘将会得到锻炼 as Tao Tao will get
在他最终被释放到野外之前 before he's finally released into the wild.
淘淘的妈妈在后面不远处 Tao-Tao's mother isn't far behind.
淘淘放归后她不会和他一起去 She will not be going with Tao-Tao when he's released,
所以她可以和不穿熊猫服的驯兽员在一起 so she can be with handlers not wearing panda suits.
为了自食其力，他们需要找到竹子 Left to fend for themselves, they will need to find bamboo
在它们的新栖息地自然地饮水 and water naturally, in their new habitat.
大熊猫濒临灭绝的原因之一 One of the reasons giant pandas are nearly extinct
是因为，几个世纪以来 is because, for centuries,
人类砍伐了森林 humans have cut down their forests
把它们变成农场 and turned them into farms.
如果张想把熊猫送回野外 If Zhang wants to return pandas to the wild,
那么他必须确保有荒野之地 then he has to make sure there is some wilderness
让他们住进去 for them to live in.
尽管如此悲惨 As tragic as it was,
摧毁这个地区的是地震造成的 the earthquake that devastated this region may,
但讽刺的是，却解围了熊猫的困境 ironically, have helped the panda's plight.
许多家庭现在都愿意离开 Many families are now willing to leave
如果政府帮助他们在更安全的地区找到住房 if the government helps find them housing in safer areas.
为了给熊猫一个在卧龙山谷的家 To give the panda a home here in the Wor-Long Valley,
中国每年重新种植上千英亩的森林 China replants thousand of acres of forest each year.
这是世界上最大的环保项目之一 It's one of the world's largest environmental projects.
张的工作就是鼓励大家 It's Zhang's job to encourage everyone
与熊猫共享土地 to share the land with pandas.
张尽可能多地花时间 Zhang spends as much time as he can
与生活在熊猫荒野地区的人们在一起 with people who live in the panda wilderness areas.
孩子们如何对待熊猫及其环境 How children treat the panda and its environment
将决定物种的命运 will determine the fate of the species.
张希望这种近距离的体验 Zhang hopes that this kind of up-close experience
会灌输一种真正的爱 will instill a real love
对熊猫的尊重 and respect for the panda.
淘淘和他的母亲 Tao-Tao and his mother
一直过着平静的生活 have been living undisturbed
在他们的山上圈了五个月 for five months in their mountain enclosure.
但他必须通过最后一次测试 But he must pass one final test.
小熊猫很脆弱 A young panda is vulnerable
面对豺、狼和豹子 to the jackals, wolves, and leopards
在这些山坡上猎食 that hunt these hillsides.
像大多数动物一样 Like most animals,
熊猫生来就对掠食者有天生的恐惧 pandas are born with a natural fear of predators.
但圈养大熊猫通常不认识危险 But captive pandas often don't recognize danger
直到为时已晚 until it's too late.
这是张很清楚的一个事实 A fact Zhang knows only too well.
2006年，张和他的团队 In 2006, Zhang and his team
选择了一个五岁的雄性熊猫，翔翔 chose a five-year-old male, Xiang Xiang,
成为第一只圈养大熊猫 to be the first ever captive-bred panda
准备让他回到野外 to return to the wild.
他们花了三年多时间培养他... They spent over three years preparing him...
多年的训练，希望和担忧并存 years of training, hoping, and worrying.
他刚获得自由一年，悲剧就发生了 Just one year into his freedom, tragedy struck.
研究人员发现了翔翔的尸体 Researchers found Xiang Xiang's lifeless body
躺在雪地里 lying in the snow.
他有被袭击的迹象 He showed signs of having been attacked
由捕食者或其他野生熊猫所为 by predators or other wild pandas.
对张来说很痛苦 For Zhang it was very painful,
就像失去了自己的儿子 like losing his own son.
淘淘花了几个月的时间学习如何生存 Tao-Tao has spent months learning how to survive,
但都是在一个安全的围栏里 but it has all been in a safe fenced environment.
今天，饲养员的任务 Today, the keepers' mission
就是教他如何野外生存 is to teach him how to survive
在一个充满豹子和其他食肉动物的世界里 in a world filled with leopards and other predators.
他们使用动物园豹子的新鲜粪便和尿液 They use fresh droppings and urine from a zoo leopard
给他们的仿造物以真正的气味 to give their dummy the authentic smell.
使用无线电遥测 Using radio telemetry,
其中一个小组试图找到淘淘的母亲 one of the team tries to locate Tao-Tao's mother.
淘淘可能在附近 Tao-Tao may be nearby.
饲养员带来了一段豹子的录音 The keepers have brought a recording of a leopard.
[豹子咆哮] [leopard growling]
实验是成功的 The experiment is a success.
现在是时候让他 It's now time for him to make
做一次历史性的野外旅行 his historic journey into the wild.
淘淘被注射镇静剂 Tao-Tao is sedated
做最后的健康检查 for a final health check.
[说汉语] [speaking Chinese]
他即将成为 He is about to become
中国最著名的熊猫 the most famous panda in China.
他接受了全面的体检 He gets a complete medical exam
以确认他适合他的大冒险 to confirm he's fit for his big adventure.
他的目的地是四川雅安石棉县栗子坪国家级自然保护区麻麻地 His destination is the Li Tzu Ping Reserve,
5万亩原始竹林 50,000 acres of pristine bamboo forest.
这里的熊猫数量低得危险 The panda population here is dangerously low.
据估计，只有13只熊猫在这里生存 It's estimated that as few as 13 pandas survive here.
希望淘淘，强壮并且健康 The hope is that Tao-Tao, strong and healthy,
会找到一只雌性熊猫 will find a female panda
引入新的血统 and introduce a new bloodline.
他可能是最后的繁衍希望 He could be the last chance of survival
对于这么小的族群来说 for this tiny population.
政要和政治家们 Dignitaries and politicians
来自中国各地 have come from all across China
参与放归他 to participate in his release.
梅里和她的朋友们选择观看 Merry and her friends have to settle
电视直播 for watching the event live on TV.
他们喜忧参半 They have mixed emotions
看着淘淘自由了 watching Tao-Tao set free.
同时放归他 While releasing him
也是至关重要的 is vitally important,
为他的安全担忧 Merry worries for his safety.
他之前的所有生活，都由她在照顾和保护他 All his life, she has taken care of and protected him.
很难放手 It's hard to let go.
[说汉语] [speaking Chinese]
这一刻对张来说也很感人 The moment is emotional for Zhang, as well.
虽然看到他走了很难过 Though sad to see him go,
他知道他必须迈出这一步 he knows he has to take this step.
这是多年工作的最终目的... This is the culmination of years of work...
希望，寄托在一只小熊猫身上 hope, wrapped up in one tiny panda.
放走一年后 A year since the release,
张没有见过淘淘 Zhang hasn't seen Tao-Tao.
没有人知道 No one has.
但他的GPS项圈显示他还活着 But his GPS collar shows he is alive and well,
在山间漫游 roaming across the mountains.
也许他见过其他的熊猫 Perhaps he has met other pandas.
也许他会有一个自己的孩子... And maybe he will father a baby of his own...
一个在野外漫游的他... one who will roam in the wild...
真正自由的他... who will truly be free...
终于到家了 finally home.
导 演 尼古拉斯·布朗
解 说 朱莉·理查德森
制 片 卡洛琳·霍金斯
作者 奈杰尔·利维